Frank Potter's Science Gems
Physical Science II

PHYSICAL SCIENCE SUBCATEGORIES

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X. Electricity and Magnetism

"MINIMUM" Level: Kindergarten

• To be added when verified.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 3rd Grade

• To be added when verified.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 6th Grade

• IPPEX Interactive Physics Modules (requires free Shockwave plugin)- IPPEX Development Team Energy, Matter, Electricity & Magnetism, and Fusion modules which include interactive simulations, activities to do at home, and self-checks.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 9th Grade

• Semiconductor Education Applets (JAVASCRIPT) - C.R. Wie, University of Buffalo Numerous simulations include: Fabrication Steps of a pair of a Bipolar Transistor and a Field Effect Transistor on a single silicon chip; Haynes-Shockley Experiment; n-channel MOSFET output characteristics, Fermi level and Carrier Concentrations, Energy Bands and Charge Carriers, etc.
  
  
• Hysteresis and Avalanches in VideoTape Heads - J. Sethna, Cornell "The magnetization of the tape lags behind the field from the tape head - so when the field drops to zero, the tape stays magnetized, storing the music." See a Java script hysteresis animation
  
  
• Superconductivity Virtual Lab (Java Applets) - Oxford University Theory, Synthesis, Meissner Effect - with video.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: university

• Logic Gates (Java Applets) - N. Hendrich, Arbeitsbereich Technische Grundlagen der Informatik, Universitt Hamburg Tutorials. Very Extensive. Examples of Java Applet Tutorials include: Java KV diagram and logic minimization demonstration (English); Java CMOS gate demonstration (English); Java CMOS Gatter Demonstration (Deutsch).
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: graduate

• To be added when verified.
  
  

XI. Light and Optics

"MINIMUM" Level: Kindergarten

• NANOWORLD Image Gallery - D. Waddell @ Univ. of Queensland, Australia Electron microscope images in abundance: select Image Gallery to see insects, blood cell, cement, polyp skeleton, crystals, bread mold, rat hair, egg shell, pollen, etc. Also a wonderful section on scale size examples from the atomic & molecular to the cellular and macromolecular. [If you have a slow connection, turn off auto-images and select later.]
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 3rd Grade

• Counter-rotating Spirals and other Illusions (Java) - M. Newbold Plenty of movement!!
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 6th Grade

• Light and Optics - WW2010, Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, U. of Illinois, Urbana-Chamaign "Rainbows, sunsets and halos; a spectacular display of colors and visuals in the sky called Atmospheric Optics...This module investigates these particle-light interactions and the assortment of optical effects they produce."
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 9th Grade

• Two Slit Interference(Java) - S. Vtorov Vary the wavelength, the slit spacing, and screen distance.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: university

• Interactive Focusing and Astigmatism - P. Fraundorf, University of Missouri at St. Louis "...practice focusing with power spectrum information available to better see what is happening.."
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: graduate

• Free Electron Lasers - FEL, UC Santa Barbara The devices and support systems present and future.
  
  
• National Synchrotron Light Laboratory in Brasil (In Portuguese) - National Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, So Paolo, Brasil Characteristics of the light source.
  
  

XII. Special Theory of Relativity

"MINIMUM" Level: 6th Grade

• To be added when verified.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 9th Grade

• Relativity Q & A - Relativity Newsgroup Includes: speed of light; twin paradox; superluminal scissors; many more! Look about halfway down the page.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: university

"MINIMUM" Level: graduate

• To be added when verified.
  
  

XIII. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics

"MINIMUM" Level: 6th Grade

• To be added when verified.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 9th Grade

• Quantum Mechanical Scattering (Java Applet) - J. Richardson Integrates the Schrödinger wave equation and shows the animation at various barrier types.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: university

• Brief Review of Elementary Quantum Chemistry - C.D. Sherrill, Chemistry, UC Berkeley Schrdinger Equation; Mathematical Operators; Particle in a Box; Molecular Orbitals; Many-electron Wavefunctions
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: graduate

• 369j-symbol Calculator - Plasma Lab, Weizmann Institute of Science Angular momentum addition.
  
  

XIV. Atomic Physics

"MINIMUM" Level: Kindergarten

• To be added when verified.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 3rd Grade

• To be added when verified.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 6th Grade

• To be added when verified.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 9th Grade

"MINIMUM" Level: university

• X-RAY Transition Energies - P. Bandyopadhyay X-ray properties of the elements: Edge energies, edge jumps, and the x-ray cross section for your value of the energy.
  
  
• Atomic Spectra Database - NIST Spectral lines and energy levels.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: graduate

• Bose-Einstein Condensate examples "The most obvious property of a BEC is that a large fraction of its particles occupy the same, namely the lowest, energy state. In atomic condensates this can be confirmed by measuring the velocity distribution of the atoms in the gas."
  
  
• Atomic Transition Probability Bibliographic Database - J.R. Fuhr and H.R. Felrice at NIST Can select by element, isoelectronic sequence, and stage of ionization.
  
  
• COREX DATABASE - X-Ray WWW Server, Department of Physics, McMaster University, Canada Multimedia Hypertext. "A database of atomic and molecular core edge excitation oscillator strengths, as described by A.P. Hitchcock and D.C. Mancini, in Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, Vol. 67, No.1 (1994).
  
  

XV. Molecules, Fluids, and Solids

"MINIMUM" Level: Kindergarten

• SMITHSONIAN GEM & MINERAL COLLECTION - Smithsonian photos by D.A. Penland About 100 marvelous pictures.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 3rd Grade

• To be added when verified.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 6th Grade

• To be added when verified.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: 9th Grade

"MINIMUM" Level: university

"MINIMUM" Level: graduate

• Databases for Atomic and Plasma Physics - Plasma Lab, Weizmann Institute of Science Astrophysics and plasma physics databases.
  
  

XVI. Nuclear Structure

"MINIMUM" Level: 9th Grade

• ISOTOPE PATTERN CALCULATOR - Mark Winter, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England Allows you to enter a chemical formula and will calculate the molecular weights of all the possible isotopes.
  
  
• CONTROL THE NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (Java Applet) - H. Eriksson, Linkping University, Linkping, Sweden "The control-room operators of the Krnobyl nuclear power plant are telecommuting and are running the plant through the Web. However, the mean time between failure for the components of Krnobyl is not great. Try to keep the reactor stable when component failures occur!"
  
  
• The Quick Virtual Nuclear Power Plant Tour - Nuclear Energy Information Centre Reasons, comparisons, environmental effects, radiation safety, operation, etc.
  
  
• DIFFRACTION (electron, neutron, x-ray); IMAGING (electron microscopy, light microscopy); CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECTROSCOPY OF ALL KINDS!; THERMAL ANALYSIS - Brian Tissue, SciMedia Index Multimedia Course (Text, Images & MPEG's). [Select "Encyclopedia of Instrumentation Techniques" for the above.] Additional available tutorials: Basic Review of Spectroscopy; Review of Quantum Mechanics; Some Optics; Lasers; Atomic Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Spectroscopy and Nonlinear Spectroscopy.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: university

• PHYSICS 77 (Senior Physics Lab) - Physics Department, Caltech Examples: Introduction; Radiation Safety, Exp. 1 Pulse Transmission and the Fast Oscillosope, Exp. 2 The Geiger Counter and Counting Statistics, Exp. 5 (NMR), Exp. 6 Exectron Spin Resonance (ESR), Exp 12 Gamma-Ray and X-Ray Spectroscopy, Exp. 13 Plastic Scintillators and Fast Pulse Techniques, Exp 16 Neutron Experiments.
  
  

"MINIMUM" Level: graduate

• To be added when verified.